Showing posts with label Tropo. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Tropo. Show all posts

Friday, April 23, 2021

Guest Post: Some thoughts on VHF paths across the South Atlantic ...by Dave, N7BHC

Dave N7BHC (Also PJ4VHF & ZR2BI) left a comment on a post recently about VHF propagation in the South Atlantic. There was so much interesting info in it that I have put it up here as a guest post. There is plenty in there as food for thought.

* * *


Back in 2007-2010, I was trying to drum up trans-Atlantic tropo ducting interest. I am very pleased to see more progress now. A contact from ZD7 (St.Helena Is) to PY (Brazil) on 144 MHz (2m) is 100% probable


I introduced John Turner at Saint FM, the local FM radio station, back in 2008-2010 to tropo ducting on the FM broadcasting band. He successfully logged many Angolan, Namibian, and Cape Town FM stations. One December he emailed that he was unsuccessful identifying an Angolan FM radio station as he had interference from a Brazilian station on the same frequency. This was using just a car radio with its whip antenna. 

Back in March 2008, ZD8I on Ascension Island reported that they sometimes heard Cape Town Marine Radio (ZSC) on 156.8 MHz FM. That is an omni antenna to an omni antenna on FM at a range of 4400 km. 


ZD8S on Ascension Island reports listening to Brazilian FM stations with indoor portable radios. 

Since then, I spent the next ten years on Bonaire as PJ4VHF. My biggest tropo ducting success across the North Atlantic was the initial reception of D4C/b on the Cape Verde Islands at a range of 4,694km. I strongly encourage any stations on ZD7 and ZD8 to be active on both 2m and 70cm

I have been studying trans-ocenic ducting for many decades (I started out as ZR2BI in East London). The South Atlantic may be the BEST location worldwide for long-haul ducting, both for range and how often the openings occur. FM vertical polarization works well bit SSB or FT8 on horizontal is even better.

Maybe someday we may be allowed to and able to travel again, and I can afford to visit ZD7 in person. Until then, all I can do is strongly encourage others. 

73, Dave N7BHC/PJ4VHF/ZR2BI dpedersen AT drasticom DOT com

Friday, July 31, 2020

4000km plus opening on 144 MHz & 432 MHz from Cape Verde to NW Europe - 30th July 2020


30th July 2020 - There was another impressive 4000 km plus opening on the VHF & UHF today from Cape Verde Islands off the west coast of Africa to the north-west of Europe.

The map above from PSKReporter shows the FT8 signals being sent and received by D4VHF in Cape Verde. The mode of propagation was the usual marine duct but it was unusual to see the conditions extend into the midlands in England.

One of the most unusual reception reports was from PB0AHX in the Netherlands for two reasons.

1) The distance at 4680 kms is just 100kms short of the IARU Region-1 tropo record which was from D4VHF to the Isle of Skye in January of 2020.

2) The path from the Netherlands was over a lot of France and parts of Spain raising the possibility that perhaps there was another mode of propagation at work for the northern part of the path such as Sporadic-E or Meteor Scatter?

These are the FT8 reports on 144 MHz in order of distance for NW Europe...

Txmtr Rcvr Band Mode Distance Time (UTC)
D4VHF PB0AHX 2m FT8 4680 km 12:50:44
D4VHF M0CTP 2m FT8 4622 km 15:58:14
D4VHF G4BNM 2m FT8 4582 km 15:47:42
D4VHF GM3SEK 2m FT8 4562 km 14:29:44
D4VHF GD3YEO 2m FT8 4503 km 13:07:14
D4VHF G4CLA 2m FT8 4473 km 09:24:44
D4VHF G8VHI 2m FT8 4466 km 12:08:41
D4VHF G4KWQ 2m FT8 4462 km 16:36:11
G0CUZ D4VHF 2m FT8 4440 km 10:43:27
MW1CFN D4VHF 2m FT8 4438 km 11:04:57
G8TIC D4VHF 2m FT8 4411 km 12:15:27
D4VHF GW4SHF 2m FT8 4404 km 15:41:14
D4VHF M0BUL 2m FT8 4388 km 15:32:14
M0BUL D4VHF 2m FT8 4388 km 15:32:57
D4VHF G0JCC 2m FT8 4362 km 16:40:41
D4VHF GW7SMV 2m FT8 4317 km 16:52:44
D4VHF GW4HDF 2m FT8 4312 km 18:48:14
D4VHF GW4VXE 2m FT8 4280 km 09:55:41
D4VHF GW0KZG 2m FT8 4276 km 16:54:14
D4VHF GW1JFV 2m FT8 4264 km 10:16:41
D4VHF EI8KN 2m FT8 4230 km 13:29:11
D4VHF G4RRA 2m FT8 4211 km 16:44:14
D4VHF EI2FG 2m FT8 4182 km 19:11:41
D4VHF M0BKV 2m FT8 4181 km 18:49:44
D4VHF EI3KD 2m FT8 4170 km 19:26:14
G4ALY D4VHF 2m FT8 4160 km 12:07:57
D4VHF G8IXN 2m FT8 4110 km 13:30:44
D4VHF G4LOH 2m FT8 4098 km 19:43:14
M0AFJ D4VHF 2m FT8 4094 km 18:43:57
D4VHF G3NJV 2m FT8 4090 km 14:02:44
D4VHF G7RAU 2m FT8 4086 km 19:33:41
D4VHF F6DBI 2m FT8 4020 km 16:54:44
D4VHF F6KHM 2m FT8 3966 km 10:23:44
D4VHF F8DBF 2m FT8 3963 km 19:38:14

The tropo prediction map below from Pascal, F5LEN shows the sea path from Cape Verde... 

70cms... The sea path was also open at 432 MHz.

Rcvr Band Mode Distance Time (UTC)
EI3KD 70cm FT8 4170 km 10:12:14
G3NJV 70cm FT8 4090 km 13:03:14
G7RAU 70cm FT8 4086 km 19:16:11
F8DBF 70cm FT8 3963 km 22:08:44
EA1FBU 70cm FT8 3224 km 18:56:44
EA1YV 70cm FT8 3201 km 19:04:14
EA7SL 70cm FT8 2885 km 19:38:44
EA8CSB 70cm FT8 1562 km 19:15:14
EA8AR 70cm FT8 1546 km 11:12:11
EA8RH 70cm FT8 1512 km 20:45:11

It's always amazing to see a 4000 km plus path at 432 MHz.

Canary Islands... It's also worth mentioning that the sea path was also open from the Canary Islands to NW Europe...

G7RAU 432174.0 EA8CSB 18:15 30 Jul IN79JX IL18TL cq, gl Canary Islands
G7RAU 144485.0 ED8ZAA/B 17:48 30 Jul IN79JX IL18UM 599+10 Canary Islands
G7RAU 144320.0 EA8BPX 17:46 30 Jul IN79JX IL18SK 59++ gl Canary Islands
GM4FVM 144174.0 EA8CSB 17:39 30 Jul IO85WU IL18TL Hrd CQ -11dB Canary Islands
MM0CEZ 144174.0 EA8CSB 17:01 30 Jul io75xu IL18 FT8 -19 dB tnx Canary Islands
M1GSM 144174.0 EA8CSB 16:50 30 Jul IO94DR IL18TL RX -20 GL Canary Islands
G4RRA 144174.0 EA8CSB 16:02 30 Jul IO80BS IL18TL Canary Islands
F6FGQ 144485.0 ED8ZAA/B 10:52 30 Jul 529 stable in IN78QJ Canary Islands
G4ALY 144485.0 ED8ZAA/B 10:44 30 Jul IL18UM(TR)IO70VL 549 Canary Islands
EI3KD 144485.4 ED8ZAA/B 05:45 30 Jul IO51VW IL18UM 599+ Canary Islands

Let's have a look at the PSKReporter map for EA8CSB on 144 MHz for the 30th of July 2020...

Note that many of these paths are in excess of 3000kms,,,

Txmtr Rcvr Band Mode Distance Time (UTC)
EA8CSB GM0HBK 2m FT8 3287 km 15:50:14
EA8CSB GM4FVM 2m FT8 3248 km 19:01:41
EA8CSB MM0CEZ 2m FT8 3197 km 17:19:14
MM0CEZ EA8CSB 2m FT8 3197 km 17:17:29
EA8CSB 2M0ETJ 2m FT8 3135 km 17:58:44
2M0ETJ EA8CSB 2m FT8 3135 km 17:17:59
EA8CSB GM3SEK 2m FT8 3073 km 17:04:44
GM3SEK EA8CSB 2m FT8 3073 km 16:04:59
EA8CSB GI4SNA 2m FT8 3013 km 17:35:44
EA8CSB GI6ATZ 2m FT8 3002 km 17:56:41
EA8CSB G0SYP 2m FT8 3001 km 17:20:41

It's always worth remembering that the distance across the North Atlantic from Ireland to Newfoundland is about 3000 kms.

Links...
1) F5LEN Tropo Prediction

Wednesday, May 20, 2020

276km Reception of Beacon in Wales on 28 MHz


During a Sporadic-E opening on the 20th of May 2020, I came across GW7HDS/B beacon in the south of Wales on 28.2215 MHz.

This is a very unusual beacon for me as it is 276 kms away and would normally be too far away for tropo and too close for Sporadic-E. When I heard it first, I thought it must have been some exceptionally short Sporadic-E.

I noticed however that the signal was pretty constant. After a few hours, it was still there and didn't behave like Sporadic-E.

By accident, I also noticed that the BBC Radio 4 signal on 104.9 MHz from Haverfordwest on the west coast of Wales was a big signal here. Even though it is some 140 kms distant, I was able to listen to it using just my mobile phone and the headset lead as an antenna.

Later in the evening, the GW7HDS beacon had gone and coincidentally, so had the signal on 104.9 MHz.

I often hear stations on the west coast of Wales on 10m on FT8 but it's hard to read any meaning into signals that are there in bursts and are infrequent. Are they tropo? Aircraft scatter? Back scatter?

Tropo conditions on the higher VHF bands like 2-metres and 70-cms are pretty common but not so much on the lower bands like 10-metres. Was it a tropo signal on 28 MHz? Possibly but I still suspect it might have been backscatter for Sporadic-E.

With the beacon frequency stored safely in a memory channel on the radio, I'll have to look out for it again in the future.

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Remarkable opening on 144 MHz from Cape Verde Islands to Germany - 23rd July 2019

On Tuesday the 23rd of July 2019, there was another remarkable opening on 144 MHz from Cape Verde Islands off the west coast of Africa to Germany, Netherlands, Belgium and France in Europe.


This is the third such opening this year on 144 MHz where there has been a maritime tropo duct from Cape Verde Islands up to the south-west coast of the Iberian peninsula and then a Sporadic-E opening from that region.

The first such mixed propagation mode was back on the 9th of June 2019 to Italy, Slovenia and Austria. The second was on the 3rd of July 2019 when three stations in Germany heard D41CV.

What was significant for the third opening however was that there was a successful FT8 contact made with DK5AI in Germany, an amazing distance of 4966 kms.


The map above shows the stations that were heard by or had heard D41CV on FT8 on 144 MHz.

While the tropo duct off the coast of Africa was probably stable, the Sporadic-E opening up into Europe seems to have come in two distinct phases.

The four German stations were around 15:08 to 15:40 UTC. The other signals were around 16:34 to 17:40 UTC.

Update : This is the log of FT8 contacts made by D41CV on the 23rd of July. Red contacts are Sp-E + tropo. Black is tropo only...


This is a screen shot of the FT8 contact between D41CV and DK5AI...


This is the tropo prediction map from F5LEN showing the maritime tropo duct up along the west coast of Africa.

Considering this is the third such opening this ear, it might be easy to take it for granted but we shouldn't. A distance of 4,966 kms on 144 MHz is really incredible.

Just for fun, lets suppose that DK5AI was able to work that distance across the Atlantic. This is how far his signal would reach...


The future...5000+ kms??... It's very likely that we haven't seen the maximum distance yet for this mixed propagation path. The marine duct off the west coast of Africa seems to exist for long periods of time so that is a significant factor. The big variable is of course the requirement for a Sporadic-E opening on 144 MHz to complete the path.

Stations in the north of Germany near Hamburg or in Denmark may well be within one Sp-E hop of the coast of Portugal. If this coincided with a marine duct to Cape Verde, contacts in the region of 5,200 kms may be possible.

Links...
1) D4C contest team on Twitter
2) F5LEN Tropo prediction for D4

Wednesday, July 3, 2019

Extreme Tropo Propagation on 144 MHz and up... by LA0BY


I came across this PDF presentation while I was browsing about propagation at 144 MHz. It was put together by Stefan LA0BY and I think anyone with an interest in two metres should find it of interest.

The PDF document can be found here... http://www.la0by.darc.de/190615_LA0BY_Tropo%20extreme.pdf

Wednesday, September 26, 2018

G3SMT works Cape Verde Islands to set new 144 MHz Tropo record

Back on the 5th of August 2018, Mark Turner EI3KD worked D4Z in the Cape Verde Islands off the coast of Africa to set a new IARU Region 1 tropo record on 144 MHz. Now less than two months later, that record has been broken again.


On Tuesday the 25th of September 2018, the marine duct from the Cape Verde Islands expended as far north as the British and Irish Isles again.

At 21:10, EI3KD managed to repeat his record distance by working D4Z on cw for a second time, a distance of 4163 kms.

At approx 21:46, GW0KZG in IO71LW in the west of Wales worked D4Z to extend the record to approx 4270 kms. It turned out to be one of the shortest held records however,

At approx 21:47, Peter Torrry G3SMT worked D4Z (HK76MU) to set a new IARU 144 MHz Region 1 record of 4431 kms. Peter's locator square is IO82KV.

DX-Cluster spots - 25th Sept 2018...
GW0KZG 144300.0 D4Z 22:12 25 Sep IO71LW HK76MU still 519 cal Cape Verde
G3SMT 144300.0 D4Z 21:46 25 Sep IO82KV HK76MU Cape Verde
GW0KZG 144300.0 D4Z 21:45 25 Sep IO71LW HK76MU 539 tks QSO Cape Verde
G7RAU 144300.0 D4Z 21:42 25 Sep IN79JX HK76MU 599+ cq, gl Cape Verde
G7RAU 144300.0 D4Z 21:18 25 Sep IN79JX HK76MU 559! wow! Cape Verde
EI3KD 144300.0 D4Z 21:11 25 Sep IO51VW HK76MU tnx! 589 cq Cape Verde

D41CV was also worked on FT8...
M0BUL-@ 144174.0 D41CV 22:28 25 Sep tnx Cape Verde
GW0KZG 144174.0 D41CV 22:27 25 Sep IO71LWHK76TC H-10,/-04 Tn Cape Verde
EI3KD 144174.0 D41CV 22:22 25 Sep IO51VW HK76MU oops call :) Cape Verde
G7RAU 144174.0 D41CV 22:19 25 Sep IN79JX HK76MU +03 FT8 GL! Cape Verde

This is the tropo prediction map for the path at the time...
Source : F5LEN

It's probably likely that the record will be extended again at some stage in the future with perhaps a contact to Northern Ireland or Scotland.

Just to illustrate just how far the G3SMT - D44Z contact was, this is the equivalent distance across the Atlantic from the south-west coast of Ireland.



Links...
1) F5LEN Tropo prediction map
2) ON4KST Chat
3) Post on D4C website