Bernie, ZS4TX reports that a new 144 MHz beacon has started in South Africa to investigate the possibility of Trans-Equatorial Propagation (TEP) to the Mediterranean and Europe.
Bernie, ZS4TX writes... "New ZS Beacon for 2M TEP tests in April from KG33XU. ZS6RVC has started a 25W beacon on 2M with a 14 element yagi 20M high on a mountain site with a clear shot to EU.
The frequencies to listen on according to my IC910H is as follows: 144.449.2 CW 600Hz tone 144.448.6 USB 600Hz tone
Please monitor this frequency as well between 16Z and 21Z and send any reports to me. It sends ZS6RVC /B KG33XU in CW ~ 12 WPM"
Analysis... As the 144 MHz signals are likely to cross the Geomagnetic Equator at right angles (90 deg), the most likely area for reception of this beacon is probably going to be the eastern half of the Mediterranean.
Back in 1981, there was a TEP opening on 144 MHz from this part of South Africa to the Athens area in Greece so it may be possible again.
Links...
1) See my 144 MHz page for more examples of long distance contacts.
The most significant VHF amateur radio news at the moment in Europe is without doubt the TEP (Trans-Equatorial Propagation) openings on 144 MHz to Namibia. See 1st April.
Tuesday the 2nd of April 2024 was Day 3 of the recent opening and the reports on the PSK reporter site are shown above. The paths are similar to the previous two days except the path to SV2DCD is a new one.
The screen grab below is from SV2DCD which shows reception of V51WW. As far as I know, a two way contact was not completed.
What made this day special though was that some contacts were made on SSB! Tom, SV8PEX posted this on the DX Cluster... SV8PEX 144150 V51WW 18:33 02 Apr 24 JH81 SSB 52 52 many thanks!!!
Alex, SV1NZX reports that V51WW made four SSB contacts on 144.150 MHz with IK7UXW, IK7JNM, IK7LMX and SV8PEX.
As outlined in this previous post, there was a TEP(Trans-Equatorial Propagation) opening on the 144 MHz band between Namibia and Greece on the 31st of March 2024. As news spread that SV8PEX had been heard over 6500kms away in Namibia, more stations were active on the evening of the 1st of April.
This time, there were paths from Namibia to Greece, Italy and Malta and SV8PEX, 9H1TA and 9H1PA managed to complete contacts.
Alex, SV1NZX reports the following... "Tonight ends an exciting night for 2m #TEP QSOs - V51WW worked 9H1PA, 9H1TX and SV8PEX as well as receiving 4-5 other Italian stations in JN70, JN80. SFI measured at 125, K/A index at 5-8 and 1, all QSOs in Q65b, 30/60s."
This is a screen grab from SV8PEX in Greece...
This screen grab below is from V51WW and shows some of the exchanges with IK7UXW and IZ8EDJ in Italy.
The screen grab below is from David, 9H1TX in Malta...
9H1TX writes... "Just finished my first TEP 2M qso with V51WW. I am totally closed to south but i elevated the system at 8 deg and was lucky to get his signal."
Analysis... As the map shows above, both stations are about equidistant from the Geomagnetic Equator and are crossing it at right angles, an important consideration for TEP signals at 144 MHz.
V51WW in Namibia is using 100w into a horizontal 9-element yagi 12m above ground level which is a pretty modest station. It shows that this TEP path to Europe is probably there a lot more often than people realise but the problem is that there weren't any stations in Africa to attempt a contact.
It would be interesting to see how far east and west in the Mediterranean the signal from V51WW can reach? How far from the 90 degree right angle at the Geomagnetic Equator can the 144 MHz signal go before it becomes impossible? EA6? IS0? 5B4? TA? SV5? SV9?
The Mediterranean is also an excellent location for tropo ducting. How far will that carry the signal north?
Are there any other stations at the southern end of the TEP zone? ZD7 (St Helena) to Spain seems an obvious one. Other paths?
It would be good to see more TEP reports from Europe to Africa on 70 MHz, 88-108 MHz and 144 MHz.
Links...
1) See my 144 MHz page for plenty of reports of other TEP contacts.
Over the last few years, there have been many reports of contacts on 144 MHz from South America to the Caribbean region via Trans-Equatorial Propagation (TEP). There have been no reports of similar openings on 144 MHz from Europe to Africa in the same time period.
On the 31st of March 2024, it looks as if finally there was a TEP opening when V51WW in Namibia managed to receive SV8PEX in Greece, a distance of about 6532kms.
This is the report from the PSK Reporter website...
Tom, SV8PEX reports... "Unfortunately I was too late sig went down, one way. I was using 500W and V51WW I guess 100. Me -15db the best". Tom also notes that they tried FT8 and no decodes were possible.
Alex, SV1NZX writes... "First confirmed TEP reception of a signal between EU and AF tonight by V51WW from SV8PEX on 2m band after almost 40 years since the last signals between AF and EU intersected. Mode Q65a/30s "
V51WW is using 100w into a horizontal 9-element yagi 12m above ground level. SV8PEX is using 500w into a 11-element yagi 10m above ground level.
Analysis... As the map shows above, both stations are about equidistant from the Geomagnetic Equator and are crossing it at right angles, an important consideration for TEP signals at 144 MHz.
As SV1NZX mentions, there used to TEP contacts on 144 MHz from Europe to Africa back in the 1970's when there was activity from Zimbabwe. The key thing is the location. Zimbabwe and the north of Namibia are far enough north for signals to reach the TEP zone. There are plenty of stations in South Africa (ZS) active on 144 MHz but they are much further south.
In this particular case on the 31st of March, it was a reception report but it shows that a TEP path was open at 144 MHz. Hopefully more stations in southern Europe will now beam south and see if the path is open to Namibia and the southern part of Africa.
It would be good to see more TEP reports from Europe to Africa on 70 MHz, 88-108 MHz and 144 MHz.
Links...
1) See my 144 MHz page for plenty of reports of other TEP contacts.
By the way, this is not an April Fools Joke! I know I posted it on the 1st of April so some might be wondering.
In a previous post, I outlined how the BBC Radio 4 service on 198kHz on the Long Wave band was likely to close in the summer of 2025. It now seems as if the BBC Radio 4 Service on the Medium Wave band will stop a lot sooner.
These are the nine medium wave transmitters that are scheduled to close on the 15th of April 2024.
kHz - Station - Location - Power 603 BBC Radio 4 Newcastle upon Tyne 0.5KW 720 BBC Radio 4 Lisnagarvey nr Belfast 10KW 720 BBC Radio 4 Crystal Palace 0.24KW 720 Radio 4 Derry 0.25KW 756 BBC Radio 4 Redruth, Cornwall 2KW 774 BBC Radio 4 Enniskillen, Fermnanagh 0.5KW 774 BBC Radio 4 Plymouth 0.2KW 1449 BBC Radio 4 Aberdeen 2KW 1485 BBC Radio 4 Carlisle 0.8KW
The highest power one of these is the 10-kilowatt transmitter at Lisnagarvey near Belfast.
The BBC in a statement wrote.,.. "Effective 15th April, Radio 4 will no longer be available on medium wave. Medium wave listeners will need to retune their radio to alternative platforms."
From the IRTS... "HAREC Exams on May 11th in Dublin and Tralee, Co. Kerry
The IRTS Examinations Board is pleased to announce that it has received approval from ComReg to hold the next HAREC exam on Saturday the 11th of May 2024.
The venues will be the Maldron Hotel located in Tallaght, Dublin 24 and The Rose Hotel in Tralee, Co. Kerry. Registration at both venues with commence at 10.30am, and the exam will commence at 11am, finishing at 1 pm.
Applicants who wish to sit the next exam but have not yet applied, should download and complete the Exam Application Form from the downloads section of the IRTS website. Applicants are also advised to consult the ‘’Applying for an Exam ‘’ section on the IRTS website for instructions on how to proceed with the application or contact Mick EI6IKB on irts DOT exams AT gmail DOT com
The deadline for applications is the 27th of April 2024 ...Mick Cahill EI6IKB, IRTS Examinations Board"
Conditions on the 28 MHz band over the last few weeks have been excellent and using the WSPR beacon mode, I have heard 20 stations in Australia on the 10m band.
I usually hear these signals via short path during the morning time or early afternoon but when I checked, I noticed that I had heard two Australian stations via long path as well.
The WSPR decodes for VK2KYB in Sydney and VK4TDI are shown above. All of the short path decodes are in black while the long path decodes are in red.
The chart below shows the predicted propagation from my location on 28 MHz to the SE coast of Australia and it seems reasonably accurate. You can see the stronger short path in the morning with a modest long path in the evening.
The long path to Australia is a difficult one for me as there is a local hill here which means that the signals have to be over 3-degrees above the horizon to reach me.
I managed to work the 7P8EI in Lesotho today on 28 MHz CW, my first DX contact in about 12-months!
I have no idea if it's a new country or not on 28 MHz but to be honest, I don't really care. I'm not too bothered about chasing DX but there's just something nice about working Lesotho on CW on 28 MHz.
The path is shown below. I worked them at about 14:00 UTC so the propagation prediction shows that the contact was possible. In reality, the signal to me was just above the noise... weak but workable.
I was using 100-watts to a vertical half-wave antenna.
VY0ERC is an amateur radio station located at a weather station on Ellesmere Island at 80 degrees north in the Canadian Arctic. They operate a WSPR beacon on several HF band including one on 10m on 26.1246 MHz.
I noticed that this was one of the unusual stations that I had heard on the WSPR mode on 28 MHz recently so I checked to see what stations reported hearing this Arctic beacon on 10m over the last 5-weeks. The results are shown above.
Some observations...
1) Over the 5-week period, just 101 stations reported hearing VY0ERC on 28 MHz. In the same time period, I heard 1224 stations here on the south coast of Ireland. G0PKT near London runs a similar power (0.2w) but was reported by 1224 stations.
2) The closest reporting station to VY0ERC was TF3HZ in Iceland at 2583kms. My location is 4134kms. The best DX was EA8BFK in the Canary Islands at 6545kms.
3) From what I could tell, VY0ERC was reported somewhere on nearly every day during the 5-week period.
4) These are my decodes of VY0ERC and I would have been listening nearly every day for the 5-weeks on 10m.
All of my decodes were on the 11th of March and were between 13:58 and 15:38 UTC. The signal strength ranged from -13dB to -24dB so it was really buried in the noise.
In conclusion... I included this report of VY0ERC because it's a good example of how different propagation is just 10 degrees from the North Pole. While we're all enjoying worldwide propagation on 28 MHz at more southerly latitudes, it's a very different story in the Arctic region.
The two primary reasons for the lack of signals are a) the maximum usable frequency (MUF) drops are you head towards the polar regions and b) VY0ERC is in the auroral zone and this can severely distort digital signals like FT8 & WSPR.
The lack of signals coming from VY0ERC might also suggest that some of those long distance paths we see on 10m going over the polar regions are in fact not direct at all and might be skewed further south?
Over the last few weeks, I have been listening on the WSPR frequency of 28.1246 MHz and feeding the decoded WSPR signals to the WSPRnet website. As we're near the peak of the sunspot cycle, I was hearing stations all over the world on the 10m band. I know when I see east-west paths open to the west coast of the USA and to Japan then conditions must be good.
One unusual signal though was the club station KH6EJ in Hawaii. The power output is just 0.2 watts into a MFJ 1982-LP antenna and it transmits on 80m, 40m, 30m, 20m, 17m, 15m, 12m & 10m. The 28MHz transmissions are at 18, 38 & 58 minutes past the hour.
The received signals were in the range of -23dB to -29dB which means they were buried in the noise. These are the four decodes...
1) I was the only station in Europe to decode the KH6EJ 10m WSPR signal over a 4-week period. Obviously my location in the north-west of Europe helps but I'm only using a simple vertical half-wave antenna for receive. Why didn't other stations in Europe decode the signal?
2) The short time window. I got just four decodes over the space of three days and they are all in the 18:38 to 18:58 UTC time window. This is close to the sunset times for my location.
3) The northerly path. The auroral zone in the Arctic can and does distort signals. If the signals are on SSB or CW then they can sound a bit rough but for digital signals like WSPR or FT8, it can often mean that the signals are not decoded at all.
In conclusion... I've worked Hawaii on 28 MHz a long time ago but if I was looking for it now as a new country on 10m then I'd be checking the band at sunset in March.
Robbie, EI2IP reports that there was an unusual opening on the 28 MHz band on the 21st of March 2024. At the moment, the 28 MHz band closes here in Ireland at about 21:00 UTC which is about two hours after sunset.
Robbie reports working FM4LV in Martinique in the Caribbean on the 28 MHz (10m) band at around 00:49 UTC on the 21st of March which is about six hours after sunset. This is very unusual and raises the question what was the propagation mode?
The general expectation is that all F2 layer propagation should have disappeared six hours after sunset.
FM4LV was on FT8 and there were loads of stations to the west of him reporting his signal. None of these are of interest as they're just the usual F2. These are the stations to the east that heard FM4LV after 00:00 UTC...
The paths to the far south of Spain, Morocco & the Canary Islands are well to the south and are much more likely to have propagation at 28 MHz, even well after dark. The question is how was there a path to EI2IP in Ireland at 52 deg north?
That brings us to the good old dependable Sporadic-E.
Q. How did the F2 layer propagation reach that far north? Answer - An extra hop provided by Sporadic-E.
Q. How is any unusual path possible? Answer - Sporadic-E.
Q. "The propagation chapter in my ARRL handbook doesn't explain how I made a contact?" Answer - Sporadic-E.
Q. Why did my coffee go cold? Answer - Sporadic-E.
OK, I lied about the last one but the point being is that we seem to perhaps use Sporadic-E as an explanation a bit too often. In this case, the opening was at about 1am in the morning in March, not a time noted for Sporadic-E as the Sporadic-E season doesn't start properly until mid-April and it's usually during the daylight hours.
The map above shows the parts of the earth in sunlight and shadow around the time of the opening.
For EI2IP, it's in the middle of the night and six hours after sunset. For FM4PV, it was about two and a half hours after sunset.
When I took a screen grab of this image, I couldn't help notice that the moon was almost directly above Martinique which got me thinking. If the moon is visible to both stations then signals must be reflected off the surface of the moon even at 28 MHz?
In this case, I think the combined antenna gain was probably too low for moon bounce and the answer is probably that the signals came off a layer in the ionosphere. As for the exact propagation mechanism?
When I looked at an online propagation map, it suggested that the path was impossible at that time of day so it's a bit of a mystery.
The Long Wave Band covers frequencies from 144 kHz to 281 kHz and was once a popular band in Europe for broadcasting. Over the last decade or so, these transmitters have been switched off leaving listeners to find an alternative service on the FM band, DAB or online.
One of the big signals on the band is BBC4 Radio 4 from Droitwich in the east of England on 198 kHz. In May of 2023, it was announced that the BBC would stop scheduling separate content for Radio 4 on long wave and this is expected to happen at the end of March 2024.
There is a group lobbying for the continuation of the BBC Radio 4 long wave service and they have a website here... https://keeplongwave.co.uk/. As of mid-March 2024, they had a petition from 3000 people over a period of 8-months.
In that article, a BBC spokeswoman told BBC News that ..."Long wave is coming to the end of its life as a technology," and that "Radio 4 long wave is currently set to continue broadcasting beyond March 2024."
Receivers... One of the key problems with listening to Long Wave transmissions now is the declining number of radios available.
Curry's is a large electrical retailer in the UK and would be an obvious source if say a member of the public was going to buy a radio. Out of the 67 or so radios that they currently have on offer, just one (Roberts Play) has the Long Wave option for listening. As fewer people listen to Long Wave then there is no reason for manufacturers to include it in their newer models which in turn means a declining audience.
Radio Teleswitch Service (RTS)... One of the primary reasons for continuing BBC Radio 4 transmissions at present (March 2024) is that the signal is used for timing on electrical meters in many domestic households.
This technology was rolled out back in the 1980's & 1990's and allowed simple basic meters to determine what the time was so that customers could make use of cheaper night-rate electricity.
The inside of one of these control boxes shows a ferrite rod antenna for receiving the 198 kHz signal on the Long Wave band.
At present, these old meters are being replaced with modern Smart Meters.
Date of Radio 4 Switch Off???... The Citizen Advice service in the UK offers the following... "You might have been told by your electricity supplier you need to have your radio teleswitch (RTS) or dynamically teleswitched (DTS) electricity meter replaced. This is because the radio frequency it uses to switch between peak and off-peak rates is being switched off.
The radio frequency is expected to be switched off in summer 2025. Ofgem, the energy regulator, currently expects all RTS and DTS meters to be replaced by March 2025."
Octopus Energy is a UK electricity supplier and offer the following more specific information... " The current planned end date for the transmission is the 30th June 2025."
Assuming the current programme of meter replacement stays on schedule then it looks as if the last BBC Long Wave transmission will be at the end of June 2025.
Video... Lewis, M3HHY has a very good video about the Droitwich long wave transmitter site.
If you were to ask a member of the public about the subject of 'radio', they'll probably answer that it was some old technology that existed in the past and is now nearly dead. The reality is that it's hiding in plain sight.
Think WiFi, Bluetooth, mobile phones, Satellite TV, Starlink, parking sensors, etc, we're surrounded by 'radio' technology. It's just that 'radio' has evolved and is increasingly in a digital format.
More and more devices now have microprocessors embedded and they are communicating with other devices using the concept of the 'internet of things'. One of the systems for doing this is LoRa (Long Range Low Power).
This concept has been developed so that radio signals from experimental satellites in low earth orbit can be received by hobbyists all around the world and then the data is fed back by the internet to the control station. One of the frequencies used for this is at 433 MHz in the radio amateur 70cms band.
TinyGS is one such network and is described as follows... "TinyGS is an open network of Ground Stations distributed around the world to receive and operate LoRa satellites, weather probes and other flying objects, using cheap and versatile modules."
Jeffrey, EI7IRB recently gave a presentation titled "TinyGS, the Open Source Global Satellite Network" to the Mid-Ulster Amateur Radio Club and they now have it up on their YouTube channel.
The video starts at about 7 mins, you can skip back to the start of you want to watch the introduction.
Lightning scatter is one of those exotic propagation modes that sometimes get a mention in books and articles but there seems to be very few examples. I think most people would expect this mode to be perhaps seen in the VHF part of the spectrum so it was a surprise to read that VK7MO and VK3MAP in Australia claimed to have made an lightning scatter contact on 1296 MHz!
They report that on the 13th of February 2024, there was a severe lightning storm between them and they attempted to make contact on 1296 MHz using the MSK144 mode.
They write... "The distance between us is 505 km and we ran 33 & 36 element single yagis with power levels of 120 and 50 watts. We were surprised that at this distance it was also possible to receive MSK144 decodes on aircraft scatter. However, we found it was possible, by replaying the files and examining the MSK144, Fast Graph window, to clearly identify the difference between both types of propagation. While at the time we completed three QSOs on 1296 MHz using MSK144, examination of the files shows that only one QSO was completely on lightning scatter and the other two were partly on aircraft scatter. Still, we can report the completion of a QSO using lightning scatter on 1296 MHz."
After their tests, they came to the following conclusions...
We are confident that we achieved 50 lightning scatter decodes and one QSO at 1296 MHz.
We used 15 second periods and auto sequencing to respond quickly enough.
If aircraft are present, it will be difficult to confirm that a QSO is completely via lightning scatter until files are subsequently decoded.
The durations of lightning pings between 0.1 and 0.3 seconds are ideally suited to MSK144.
We are somewhat surprised that no corresponding pings were detected on 2 metres but conclude that 1296 MHz is a better band. Even if lightning pings can be detected on 2 metres it will be difficult to discern them from meteor pings.
We think 1296 MHz is probably the optimum band for lightning scatter.
Stations in the tropics should have a much better chance of seeing such events.
Commentary: Aircraft scatter is a very common mode of propagation and its effects are often seen on signals in the VHF, UHF & Microwave bands.
At 10kms above the ground, an aircraft has a visible horizon of about 400kms (800km circle).
Looking at an airplane pilots forum, cloud to cloud lightning is most common at about 3kms above the ground. This means the visible horizon from that height is about 200kms (400km circle).
Doing a quick check, it seems that the lightning would need to be at least 4.5kms above the ground for it to be visible to both stations for a 500km path.
It would be interesting to see if others could replicate these results? Some locations in the Mediterranean or the SE of the United States are possible locations during the summer months?
I'd expect it won't be easy to stations to pick out any possible lightning scatter signals from the many aircraft scatter reflections and tropo-scatter signals present.
If you would like to read the article from VK7MO and VK3MAP, then click on this LINK
Addendum: In this video, VK7MO talks about the contact and some of the background information.
In the video, VK7MO makes the valid point that at lower frequencies like 144 MHz, the RF noise from the lightning discharge may actually interfere with the actual MSK144 signal that is being propagated.
In a previous post, I looked at the Low Interference Potential Devices (LIPD) Class Licence in Australia and how it allowed individuals to transmit with very low power in parts of the low-band VHF spectrum.
Tony Mann is a radio experimenter in Perth, Western Australia and has over the last 12-months been operating four beacons in the low-VHF bands with each one running 100 milliwatts.
The frequencies were 30.8761 MHz , 36.6073 MHz, 39.1467 MHz and 40.6864 MHz.
In 2023, several stations heard the beacons and there are shown on the map above.
Short wave listener Hugh Cocks (HC02) is in the south of Portugal. Phil, EI9KP is located in the west of Ireland. Paul, G7PUV is located in the SE of England. All three are in the region of 15,000 kms.
Otto, VK4OTZ in Queensland, Australia is about 3,700kms to the east which is pretty much ideal for one F2 layer hop.
Tony informs me that he initially made a single frequency “beacon” on 36.860 MHz for the southern hemisphere F2 season in March-May 2023. It was simple crystal oscillator modulated by a PIN diode.
By July 2023, he had a second beacon on 30.876 MHz which was still heard in Sydney via F2 up until September 2023. By that time, Hugh Cocks in Portugal was interested in trying, so he ran 30 MHz after late Sept 2023, quickly added 36 MHz, then 39 MHz by 10 Oct and finally by 29 Oct had a 4th, 40 MHz beacon running.
The 36.860 MHz frequency was changed to 36.607 to avoid DX radar interference in Europe. The 40 MHz beacon was never received as by mid-Nov 2023 conditions had deteriorated.
Tony's antenna is shown below...
Tony uses two vertical dipoles: On the left is a single dipole for 30.9 MHz and on the right is a folded dipole for 36-41 MHz (which works adequately on 30.9 MHz).
The beacon signal is alternately switched on for 0.5 seconds, then off for 1.5 seconds. The cycle repeats every two seconds. There is a 0.5 second gap where no power is going out.
The screen grab above from Hugh, HC02 in Portugal shows what the 39.1467 MHz signal looked like on the 11th of March 2024.
Videos... This clip from Paul, G7PUV shows reception of the 30.876 MHz signal...
The video clip below shows reception of the 36.860 MHz signal by VK4ATZ...
Current Status - March 2024: Tony is currently carrying out propagation tests as we're close to the equinox.
Tony writes... "I am ready to resume the 07-11 UTC tests for Europe in March 2024 and I anticipate adding 00-04 UTC for the autumn F2 season in Australia."
It would be interesting to see more reports of people hearing Tony Mann's beacons. Perth to North America? Perth to South America?
If you hear anything then you can leave a comment here.
I was recently looking at the website of Bert Modderman, PE1RKI in the Netherlands and I noticed that he is selling cavity filters for the 144 MHz band.
A cavity filter is essentially a hollow tube with tuning rods inside and can usually handle much higher powers than say a lot of the smaller band pass filters on the market which use inductors and capacitors.
The specs for this filter are that it has a 0.2dB insertion loss and it can handle up to 1-kilowatt of RF. It comes supplied with N-type connectors.
I have edited the diagram of the frequency response for the filter to make it clearer.
Signals on the marine band around 156 MHz are down about 18dB. Signals in the VHF air band (~120-130 MHz) are down about 10 - 12 dB.
If we were to extrapolate the shape of the graph down to say FM broadcast band on 88 to 108 MHz then the signals are probably down about 15 - 20 dB.
PE1RKI also makes a version for the 432 MHz band.
More information about the filters can be found HERE
Disclaimer: Just to be clear, this isn't an advertisement. I wasn't paid for this post or I wasn't sent the product for review. I just think this is something VHF operators will be interested in.
PE1RKI also sells a number of amplifiers, filters and antennas for the microwave bands. We all know you can buy lots of gear from websites the likes of Ali Express and eBay but a lot of it is rubbish. It's worth considering supporting small manufacturers and shops in Europe.
As we approach the equinox, there are some really good openings on the 50 MHz (6m) band. On the 9th of March 2024, there was a path open from Chatham Island in the Pacific to southern Europe.
The paths from the PSK Reporter website are shown above and note the ones in Europe. The PSK Reporter website shows the shortest path but it's likely that the signals from ZL7DX on Chatham Island to Italy and Malta were in fact long path and over 20,000kms.
I have listed the European stations that heard ZL7DX below and I've adjusted the distances.
First a note... this story is from March 2020! However, I only came across it today and I think some might find it of interest.
Extract from the Deutsche Welle website... "Apparently the Soviet Union spied during the Cold War from the Hambach opencast mine near Cologne. During their excavations, the archaeologists from the Rhineland Regional Association not only found fossilized remains of a manatee that lived more than 20 million years ago, or spearheads from the Bronze Age, but also: a Soviet radio from the Cold War.
To find out more about the device, historians and the Bundeswehr's Military Counterintelligence Service (MAD) were called in, says Erich Claßen: "We are certain at the moment that it is a device made in Russia." It could have been used by either an employee of the Soviet military intelligence service GRU or the East German NVA or Stasi. The box was buried 60 to 80 cm below the surface of the earth and therefore frost-proof. This corresponded to the instructions of the time.
The device was produced in 1987. It is impossible to say exactly when it was buried. “Probably not after 1990,” says Claßen. "There were instructions to bury such emergency radios in the forest, protected from frost, in order to be able to report quickly in an emergency, i.e. in the event of troop movements." The device's range of up to 1,200 kilometres made it possible to radio and inform the Warsaw Pact states without any problems."
The full article is in German and can be found HERE
7th March 2024: It's time to try something new! I have just started a new amateur radio newsletter with an emphasis on radio experiments and the VHF bands.
I covered a lot of the reasons for starting the newsletter in the first post but basically it is there to compliment what I already do on the blog here and it will allow me to share more information that would take too long to do properly here on the blog.
I'm basically going to cover the topics that I find of interest.
The thing about the blog is that people have to remember to come here or see a link to visit. With a newsletter, I am sending information directly by email to subscribers.
How often? My initial plan is to send out a newsletter once every two weeks and see how it goes. I don't want subscribers to feel like they're getting spam with several emails a week. Just one mail every two weeks in fine.
